LPG can be stored in a cylinder, container or tank. Gas cylinders are specifically containers used for storing various types of gases, ranging from oxygen and helium to propane and acetylene. So you see, selecting the right materials for storing LPG gas is very important, as LPG is known to cause some material to become weak, which can eventually cause them to blast with time. The material used can also determine how a gas cylinder weighs when measured.
Here, I will discuss the common materials used in making different types of gas cylinders.
1. STEEL
- Carbon Steel: Carbon steel cylinders are widely used for storing gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. These cylinders are sturdy and have good resistance to corrosion.
- Alloy Steel: Alloy steel cylinders are utilized for storing gases under high pressure, such as industrial gases like argon and carbon dioxide. They offer enhanced strength and can withstand extreme conditions.
2. ALUMINUM
- Aluminum cylinders are lightweight and corrosion-resistant, making them suitable for storing gases like helium and propane. They are often preferred for applications where portability is needed, such as medical oxygen cylinders.
3. COMPOSITE MATERIALS
- Composite gas cylinders are made from a combination of materials, typically including a metal liner and a composite outer shell made of materials like carbon fiber or fiberglass. These cylinders offer a high strength-to-weight ratio and are used for gases like compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen.
4. STAINLESS STEEL
- Stainless steel cylinders are corrosion-resistant and are commonly used for storing gases that can react with carbon steel, such as corrosive gases like ammonia and chlorine.
5. TITANIUM
- Rare, but titanium cylinders are lightweight and have excellent corrosion resistance, making them suitable for storing specialty gases like ultra-high purity gases used in semiconductor manufacturing.
6. COPPER
- Copper cylinders are used for storing gases that require high thermal conductivity, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Copper cylinders are also utilized for gas mixtures in laboratories.
So, as you can see - each material has its advantages and is chosen based on factors like the type of gas being stored, required pressure levels, and environmental conditions. Manufacturers should always adhere to strict safety standards and regulations to ensure that gas tanks and cylinders are manufactured with the highest quality materials and craftsmanship, by placing first the safety of their clients and the surrounding environment.